2×2 Table Calculator
Enter your trial data to calculate complete statistical evidence (significance, fragility, and robustness).
Calculate p-fr-nb triplets for 2×2 independent binary outcome trials
Enter your trial data to calculate complete statistical evidence (significance, fragility, and robustness).
A clinical trial comparing a new treatment to standard care:
Enter: a=15, b=85, c=25, d=75
Traditional reporting provides only p-values and confidence intervals — this is partial evidence. Complete statistical evidence requires three complementary dimensions:
Only when all three dimensions align do you have truly convincing, replication-ready evidence. Clinical decisions also need the absolute effect size, such as the absolute risk reduction or number needed to treat: the triplet plus effect size is complete evidence.
The calculator also reports resampling fragility — the probability that the significance classification would reverse in a new sample of the same size under a stated replication model — as its own output category. Resampling fragility is a form of data fragility, but because it depends on a replication model it sits outside the model-free p–fr–nb triplet.
Note: The FI used here is the Heston Fragility Index: the minimum number of outcome toggles (event ↔ non-event) in the arm with fewer events, or the smaller arm if events are tied, that flips significance in either direction, so it is also defined for nonsignificant results. For the original Walsh 2014 FI definition, see the Walsh 2014 FI Calculator.
Citation: Heston TF. Fragility metrics toolkit v6.0.0. Zenodo. 2026. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17254763